Introduction The pulp and paper industry, one of the largest water and energy consumers globally, has long relied on aggressive chemical treatments to produce the white, smooth sheets that power everything from printing to packaging. Yet, the pressure to shift toward...
Introduction The escalating burden of water pollution, driven by industrialisation, urban sprawl, and chemical-intensive manufacturing, has strained conventional effluent treatment systems beyond capacity. Industrial discharge often contains organic load, grease,...
Introduction Fabric processing has long been a chemically intensive affair. But in an age that demands sustainability, the textile industry is undergoing a much-needed metamorphosis. Among the most promising developments is the adoption of textile enzymes, which offer...
As the world races toward carbon neutrality, alternative energy sources are no longer optional — they’re essential. Among these, second generation biofuels are emerging as a promising solution. Unlike their first-generation counterparts, these fuels are derived from...
The ceramic industry — long known for its reliance on high-temperature processing and mineral-intensive techniques — is undergoing a quiet revolution. This transformation is driven by none other than biotechnology. Enzyme-based innovations are introducing cleaner,...
